6/28/2010

Fronde contre la réglementation des marchés agricoles


Par Pierre-Alexandre Sallier
Une étude de l’OCDE démontre que les fonds dit indiciels n’ont pas provoqué la bulle de 2008. Le débat est relancé alors que Washington veut limiter les activités des banques
«L’activité croissante des fonds d’investissement entre 2006 et 2008 n’a pas causé de bulle sur les marchés à terme des matières premières.» Enoncé par l’Américain Scott Irwin – figure de proue de l’économie agricole –, ce constat sans appel semble faire voler en éclats les suspicions ayant entouré ces marchés il y a deux ans. Publiée jeudi dernier sous l’égide de l’OCDE, l’étude de ce spécialiste de l’Université de l’Illinois et de son collègue Dwight Sanders déboule également avec fracas dans le débat visant à limiter l’influence des institutions financières sur les marchés alimentaires.

Un débat d’une actualité brûlante alors que, vendredi dernier, sénateurs et représentants américains se sont entendus sur les deux milles pages du plus important tour de vis réglementaire imposé à Wall Street depuis les années trente. Attendant le vote du Congrès, ce projet de loi vise notamment le rôle des grandes banques sur les marchés des produits de base. Et pourrait les forcer à se séparer de certaines de leurs activités de «trading» sur les hydrocarbures, les grains ou les minerais.

Retour en 2008. Déclenchant des émeutes de la faim dans plusieurs métropoles du Sud, l’envolée des cours agricoles avait attiré l’attention sur l’activité financière sur ces marchés. En particulier sur un type précis d’intervenant: les véhicules dits indiciels, par le biais desquels les institutions financières – mais aussi les simples épargnants ou les futurs retraités – achètent des produits de base afin de profiter de leur appréciation. Des véhicules dont les achats sont orchestrés par les banques d’affaires, via des opérations de gré à gré échappant à tout contrôle.

A l’issue de son long travail statistique, Scott Irwin conclut pourtant que ces fonds indiciels «n’ont pas causé de bulle sur les marchés à terme». Pour lui, «contrairement à la vision populaire […] certains éléments laissent à penser que [leur] activité accrue a réduit la volatilité de ces marchés». L’envolée des cours de 2008 refléterait donc des facteurs bien réels: crainte de récoltes trop faibles, de pénurie face aux besoins accrus de biocarburants.

L’argument massue de cette étude? Au fil du temps, l’influence de ces achats spéculatifs s’est certes accrue. Mais l’activité des «industriels» utilisant ces mêmes marchés à terme pour vendre leurs grains – céréaliers, grands négociants – a également redoublé. En proportion, la spéculation n’aurait donc pas explosé. «L’argument est imparable», admet Tancrède Voituriez, chercheur au sein du Cirad, centre français de coopération agronomique. Avant de rappeler néanmoins que c’est précisément l’afflux d’acheteurs financiers «qui a créé un risque pour ces vendeurs industriels, qui, craignant que les cours plongent, ont multiplié les ventes à terme». En clair, les fonds n’ont pas directement fait exploser les cours. Mais ils ont mis en effervescence l’ensemble des marchés, permettant à tout élément inattendu – comme une prévision de récolte décevante – de mettre le feu aux prix.

Concluant que les spéculateurs sont «un bouc émissaire» et que les réglementations envisagées «ne régleront en rien le problème supposé des prix élevés», l’étude de Scott Irwin vient apporter de l’eau au moulin des opposants à une limitation de l’activité financière sur les produits de base. Bunge, le géant mondial des huiles végétales, a rappelé la semaine dernière, lors d’une conférence à Londres, que «les spéculateurs fournissent la liquidité sur le marché dont les fermiers ont besoin». Un tour de vis dont s’est même inquiété mercredi dernier la FAO. Très critique en 2008 vis-à-vis de la spéculation sur les marchés, l’agence des Nations unies pour l’alimentation et l’agriculture a certes estimé «souhaitable» une «certaine régulation des marchés à terme de produits alimentaires». Dans une note de synthèse, elle n’en souligne pas moins que «la limitation – ou l’interdiction – des transactions spéculatives puisse faire plus de mal que de bien».

6/26/2010

Investing in Ukraine: Top 10 picks of 2010

Published: 24 June 2010
Posted in: Ukraine

The Kyiv Post has teamed up with five of Ukraine’s leading investment banks – Renaissance Capital, Sokrat, Foyil Securities, Phoenix Capital and ART-Capital – to pick out 10 of the best Ukrainian companies to invest in this year.

The choices were made not simply on the basis of upside potential, but in terms of long-term growth potential, transparency and the possibility of entering and exiting the investment.

Given the huge upside in the sector and the flurry of investment activity under way, the list is unsurprisingly dominated by agriculture companies. Some have recently completed – or are targeting – initial public offerings (IPOs) or secondary public offerings (SPOs) in 2010.

Disclaimer: The Kyiv Post bears no responsibility for any choices made by investors using this or other material prepared by the paper. The findings of this report represent subjective decisions made by analysts and are merely intended to provide a general overview for the reader.

Sintal
Sintal is one of Ukraine’s leading grain cultivators and traders which, in the middle of the crisis in October 2009, raised $13 million for land bank and storage expansion in an SPO on the Frankfurt Stock Exchange (FSE). Sintal is planning to join Ukraine’s most liquid agriculture stocks on the Warsaw Stock Exchange (WSE) by the end of 2010, which we believe will significantly boost the name’s liquidity. The current holders of Sintal’s depository receipts traded on the FSE will be likely offered a swap.

The company controls 100,000 hectares of land in fertile regions of Ukraine and intends to increase its land bank to 180,000 by the end of 2013. Grain yields outperform Ukraine’s average, with 40 percent of the company’s land covered by irrigation systems. Three quarters of Sintal’s land bank is located in Kherson Oblast, which means that Sintal’s fields are 50 kilometers to 170 kilometers away from the country’s main sea ports in Odesa, Kherson, and Mykolayiv. This makes the company’s port transportations costs some of the lowest in the country.

Shareholder structure: Mykola Tolmachev – 52.9 percent; management – 10.8 percent; free float – 36.3 percent.
Sources: Renaissance Capital, ART-Capital and Sokrat

Creativ Group
Creativ Group is one of the most dynamic agricultural holding company in Ukraine and a leading manufacturer of oils and fats. A threefold increase in capacity in the third quarter of 2009 should drive sales up by 44 percent in 2010. Creativ has a 25 percent share of the Ukrainian vegetable fat market, 8 percent of the refined oil market, and in 2010 it should achieve an 18 percent market share for soy products. The group offers growth potential in terms of sales and profitability, due to the higher margins earned on soy products.

Creativ has built a strong, vertically integrated business model, starting with cultivation and harvesting and extending to processing. In 2009, sales grew 38.3 percent on the year due to the launch of its new oil extracting plant and soy processing plant in the second half of the year. The plant has almost tripled the group’s capacity in terms of final product output.

In 2009, almost 70 percent of group sales were directed towards the business-to-business sector, ensuring stable prices and constant demand for end-products. Key clients include international and domestic food industry leaders such as Nestlé and Kraft Foods. Domestic sales are balanced by an increasing share of exports, which are forecast to account for 54 percent of total sales in 2010, compared to 39 percent in 2009.

Shareholder structure: Management – 34.1 percent, Creativ Group (Cyprus) – 42.5 percent; free float – 23.4 percent.
Source: Sokrat

Mriya
Mriya is an agricultural holding company that controls a land bank of close to 200,000 hectares in four regions in western Ukraine. The company has a well-diversified crop portfolio and in addition to its main activity – grain crop cultivation – it also grows sugar beet and potatoes, posting yields that outperform its peers.

Mriya raised 58 million euros in a 20 percent placement on the Frankfurt Stock Exchange in June 2008.

The company has announced grand, aggressive expansion plans for the coming years. It plans to increase its land bank by 165,000 hectares in 2010 and by a further 515,000 hectares by 2013. Considering Mriya’s track record for successfully increasing its land bank under cultivation, analysts foresee most of its plans being successfully realized. In the past, the firm has achieved high yields on newly acquired land; initial yields are generally in line with Ukrainian averages, but the company’s high levels will be attained within 2–3 years. Mriya has secured a $75 million credit from the International Finance Corporation for its expansion plans, including build grain silos, purchasing new farm machinery, acquiring land lease rights and producing grain.

Shareholder structure: Management (Huta family) – 80 percent; free float – 20 percent.
Sources: Renaissance Capital, Sokrat

Astarta
Astarta was the first agricultural company in Ukraine to go public, completing a 2006 listing on the Warsaw Stock Exchange. The firm is the largest sugar producer in Ukraine with an 18 percent share of the market. It benefits from the current growth in the global sugar price, which recently reached a 28-year high. ART-Capital estimates revenues will grow 52 percent in dollar terms in 2010.

Astarta plans to increase its land under cultivation to 300,000 hectares by 2015, concentrating on yields and gross profit improvement per crop. Its crop rotation should remain 20 percent sugar beet-based. In sugar production, the company will continue working to cut production losses through the modernization of its sugar mills, and further increasing vertical integration. Astarta’s strategy is not solely sugar-based: A planned increase in the number of milking cows and milk yields, as well as the start of grain and oilseeds trading operations, are additional strategic priorities for the company.

The company has reliable business clients, with over 80 percent of its sugar sold to big industrial consumers such as Coca-Cola, Kraft Foods, Nestle, Vitmark, Slavutych, Wimm-Bill-Dann, AVK, Danone and Sandora.

Astarta also benefits from a good reputation, which has enabled it to secure financing to improve energy efficiency.

Shareholder structure: Viktor Ivanchyk – 40 percent; Aleksei Korotkov – 35 percent; Aviva Investors Poland – 5 percent; free float – 20 percent.
Sources: ART-Capital, Phoenix Capital, Renaissance Capital

Dakor
Dakor is a vertically integrated, closed-cycle sugar refiner, which allows the company to greatly reduce costs and sell a higher added value product, as opposed to low-margin sugar beets. Moreover, should sugar prices drop again this year, Dakor is well hedged since it has diversified into grain cultivation

One of the competitive advantages Dakor has is that it owns grain and sugar storage capacities. Dakor operates 130,000 tons of grain storage, which represents about 80 percent of last year’s harvest by the company, and 95,000 tons of refined sugar storage, which fully covers 2010 production plans. This allows the company to benefit from price growth during the off-season instead of having to unload it at the low prices offered at harvest time.

Last year, Dakor announced that it was merging with Landwest, a western Ukraine farming group, to form Dakor Agro Holding (DAH). According to the management, the plan is to offer a 20 percent equity stake in DAH for $50 million, which should result in an aggregate market capitalization of $250 million
The company is projecting a 36 percent gain in revenues in 2010.

Shareholder structure: Danylo Korylkevych – 77 percent; free float – 23 percent.
Sources: Foyil Securities, Renaissance Capital

Avangardco
Avangardco is the largest producer of eggs and egg products in Ukraine. In April the company placed a 22 percent stake on the London Stock Exchange, raising just over $200 million.

According to the company’s initial public offering prospect, the firm’s net profit before tax has more than quadrupled over the last three years, from $31.5 million in 2007 to $135 million in 2009. It holds a 39 percent share in Ukraine’s egg market and 53 percent in the egg product market.

The company will use the proceeds to upgrade its facilities with a view toward exporting to the European Union. The world is facing a huge deficit of protein products, which Avangardco should benefit from as eggs are the cheapest source of protein. Worldwide production of chicken eggs rose almost 10 percent from 2005 to 2009.

Avangardco is also expanding into the production of pedigree cattle.

Shareholder structure: Businessman Oleh Bakhmatyuk – 77 percent; free float – 22-23 percent.
Source: ART-Capital

Kernel
Kernel is one of the the largest sunflower oil producers in Ukraine, with a 35 percent share of the domestic bottled oil market. It also trades grain (10 percent share in Ukrainian grain export) and bulk sunflower oil on export (11 percent share). Kernel has the highest free-float in the agriculture sector at $729 million and the lowest debt-to-income ratio.

At an SPO in Warsaw in April, Kernel placed a 5.9 percent stake, raising $81 million. The company will use part of the proceeds to fund its acquisition of Allseeds, the second-largest bulk sunflower oil exporter in Ukraine with a 13 percent market share.

The Allseeds acquisition, agreed in June, will increase Kernel’s oil crushing capacity, making the company a market leader, competing with international majors such as Cargill. It will also contribute additional storage capacities, along with an oil transhipment terminal in Mykolayiv, strengthening Kernel’s position across the whole value chain.

Shareholder structure: Lawmaker Andriy Verevsky – 41.23 percent; ING Bank – 9 percent; free float – 49.77 percent.
Source: Renaissance Capital


MHP
Mironovskiy Hlibproduct (MHP) is the largest vertically integrated poultry meat producer in Ukraine, with a 25 percent market share. It also grows grains and sells other meat products, such as bacon. The company went public in London in 2008.

MHP’s market share expanded from 39 percent of domestic industrial poultry production in 2008 to 43 percent in 2009.

MHP is fully self-sufficient in corn and sunflower, which are used for fodder in poultry production. Given that corn and sunflower prices in Ukraine nearly doubled in 2009, self-sufficiency in these crops has allowed the company not only to sustain margins, but also to generate additional revenue.

MHP confirmed that it will undertake a large capacity expansion project, which should increase poultry capacity by one-third by 2013, and double it by 2015.

Shareholder structure: Top executive Yury Kosyuk and partners have controlling stake of nearly 78 percent; free float – 22.32 percent.
Source: Renaissance Capital

6/25/2010

Horizon Capital invests $40m in agriculture company

02 Jun 2010. Source: AltAssets

Horizon Capital, a firm focused on Ukraine, Belarus and Moldova has acquired a stake in Agro-Soyuz, a diversified agricultural corporation, for $40m.

The investment is Horizon’s first since the onset of the financial crisis, and the second from its $390m Emerging Europe Growth Fund II, which closed in 2008, and will be used by Agro-Soyuz to expand its business activities and restructure debt.

Natalie Jaresko, co-managing partner, Horizon Capital, said, “Agro-Soyuz stands out as a leader among Ukrainian agricultural enterprises as a result of its commitment to the advancement of state-of-the-art agricultural technologies and farming techniques in the Ukrainian market.

“We are pleased to back our newest partners and look forward to supporting the company in helping Ukraine realise the full potential of its agricultural sector,” she added.

Agro-Soyuz operates four lines of business across the agricultural sector. The corporation manufactures agricultural equipment, has a 20 per cent market share of the agricultural equipment spare parts and servicing sector, farms 11,000 hectares of vertically-integrated pork production, and provides business solutions for farming, pork production and ostrich breeding.

Serhiy Prokayev, founder and director, Agro-Soyuz, said, “Our partnership with Horizon Capital is a key to our expansion and will help us to accelerate our growth further as the nation’s leading agricultural supplier and manufacturer."

Horizon targets mid-cap investments in Ukraine, Belarus and other emerging European markets.

6/23/2010

$1b Arab fund to buy Aussie farms

The Land | 22 Jun 2010

A NEW entrant into the Australian financial market, Western Gulf Advisory (WGA), plans to invest $1 billion into the Australian economy over the next few years.

WGA is a European and Middle Eastern financial services company, which has already invested about $370 million into property developments in NSW and South Australia.

The company is owned by Indian born, Bahrain-Zurich based entrepreneur, Mr Ahsan Ali Syed.

Mr Ali and his chief financial officer, Mr Omer Khan, are currently developing a 10 year plan to grow WGA’s assets internationally.

Mr Omer Khan said WGA was committed to long term investment in Australia, and was impressed with Australia’s economic durability.

“Australia’s internationally competitive, advanced market economy and liberal business policies are among the reasons we are committed to this plan,” Mr Omer said.

“We are developing a long term plan for Australia, and intend on investing in various projects from property development and infrastructure to agriculture and mining.”

The Bahrain-Zurich based company is currently engaged in negotiations with Cubbie Group for a 53 per cent share of the rural company, with a $300 million injection of funds.

Cubbie Group owns the Queensland cotton farm, Cubbie Station, which went into receivership in 2009 after years of drought affected crops and revenue.

Last week, WGA announced that it would loan retirement village developer, Special Purpose Vehicle Holdings – Total Group US $180 million to develop further villages throughout NSW.

The loan will fund retirement property developments at Kantarra Life Style Village at Austral and Waterbrook developments in Greenwich and Yowie Bay, as well as industrial projects through FGD Property Holdings.

WGA’s first step into the Australian market was a loan of $220 million to property development company, Landmark Business Developments, to fund housing projects at the industrial hub in Gawler, South Australia.

Mr Ali established WGA to manage and grow his family’s wealth, to preserve 150 years of tradition.

WGA has total assets of US$8-9 billion.

WGA’s offices in Bahrain, Zurich and Hong Kong are family owned and have been established as part of WGA’s plan to grow Mr Ali’s family wealth.

The company does not borrow money from outside institutions or investors but instead uses its own money to fund new projects.

As a legal graduate and entrepreneur specialising in law and finance, Mr Ali is committed to transparent business practices, and has rapidly risen in stature and reputation as a trusted financial entrepreneur across the world.

6/22/2010

Ex-Citi trader Hall raises $1 bln for hedge fund

NEW YORK June 21 (Reuters) - Former Citigroup trader Andrew Hall, who became a lightning rod for criticism over excessive Wall Street bonuses last year, has raised $1.08 billion for an offshore commodities hedge fund.

The Westport, Connecticut-based fund, Astenbeck Offshore Commodities Fund II Ltd, said it had raised the funds from 37 investors in a U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission filing on Monday.

Citigroup Inc (C.N) had come under fire last year for a contract that entitled Hall to a roughly $100 million bonus even after the struggling bank had accepted government funds to support itself. Hall had been the head of the bank's Phibro LLC energy trading business, which Occidental Petroleum Corp (OXY.N) bought from Citigroup last October.

The Park Hill Group, an asset placement agent subsidiary of The Blackstone Group (BX.N), will receive commissions for recruiting investors for the Astenbeck fund, according to the filing.

Qatar Said to Invest $2.8 Billion in AgriBank IPO

By Bloomberg News - Jun 20, 2010

The Qatar Investment Authority, the Gulf country’s sovereign wealth fund, agreed to invest $2.8 billion in Agricultural Bank of China Ltd.’s initial public offering to tap growth in the world’s third-biggest economy.

The $58 billion fund signed an agreement with Agricultural Bank on June 17, two people with knowledge of the matter said, declining to be identified because the deal is private. The bank has allocated more than $5 billion for corporate investors such as QIA in the Hong Kong part of its IPO, the people said.

Agricultural Bank, China’s largest lender by number of customers, is seeking to raise as much as $15 billion in the Hong Kong part of what may be the world’s largest IPO, according to an e-mail sent to investors last week. The Beijing-based lender may sell as much as $28 billion of stock in Hong Kong and Shanghai combined, exceeding the $22 billion sale by Industrial & Commercial Bank of China Ltd. in 2009.

Global economic growth “is very much in favor of the Bric countries,” Brazil, Russia, India and China, Abdul Kadir Hussain, chief executive at Mashreq Capital DIFC Ltd., said in a phone interview from Dubai yesterday. “I think that these sovereign wealth funds are just latching on to that trend.”

Standard Chartered Plc, the London-based bank that gets most of its profit from Asia, will invest about $500 million in the IPO, said a person with knowledge of the matter.

A spokesman for QIA declined to comment. Agricultural Bank Vice President Pan Gongsheng and Standard Chartered spokeswoman Gabriel Kwan didn’t immediately return calls.

China Growth

China’s economy, is forecast to grow 10 percent this year and by 9.9 percent in 2011, according to the International Monetary Fund. It will allow a more flexible yuan, the central bank said June 19, signaling an end to the currency’s two-year- old peg to the dollar a week before a Group of 20 summit.

Investing in China is part of QIA’s “diversification strategy,” Giyas Gokkent, chief economist at the National Bank of Abu Dhabi PJSC, the United Arab Emirates’ second-biggest bank by assets, said yesterday. Qatar, holder of the world’s third- largest natural gas reserves, will likely generate a trade surplus of $22 billion this year helped by oil and gas sales and some of that surplus will flow to the QIA, he said.

Kuwait Investment Authority, the Persian Gulf country’s sovereign wealth fund, is interested in Agricultural Bank’s initial share sale, Managing Director Bader al-Saad said June 13. Kuwait, the third-biggest oil producer in the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries in May, is likely to generate a trade surplus of $45 billion this year and “will be an exporter of capital this year,” NBAD’s Gokkent said.

‘Major Player’

The Qatar Investment Authority owns stakes in financial institutions including Credit Suisse Group AG and Barclays Plc. The fund bought Harrods Ltd. department store in London in May for 1.5 billion pounds ($1.9 billion) and a stake in Volkswagen AG last year. Barwa Real Estate Co., controlled by the fund, on June 18 agreed to buy Park House, an office and retail project on London’s Oxford Street, for 250 million pounds.

Qatar “is going to be a major player on global markets, both developed and emerging, for years to come,” Simon Williams chief economist for the Middle East at HSBC Holdings Plc said in a phone interview from Dubai yesterday. Regional sovereign wealth fund managers “will accumulate assets in traditional western markets and in emerging markets where they see value,” he said.

Agricultural Bank is pushing ahead with its offering after Europe’s sovereign debt crisis spurred more than 30 companies worldwide to postpone or withdraw IPOs globally since the start of May, according to data compiled by Bloomberg.

Cornerstone Buyers

Corporate, or cornerstone, investors are guaranteed shares in IPOs in exchange for a pledge to hold the stock for a period of time. Companies use the cachet of the investors, who may be institutions, companies or billionaires, to drum up interest in their offerings among other potential buyers.

Agricultural Bank is reserving as much as 40 percent of the Shanghai part of the IPO to cornerstone investors, including the over-allotment, the company said on June 16. Such investors will be required to hold 50 percent of their stock for at least 12 months and the remainder for 18 months in exchange for a guaranteed number of shares, according to the filing.

Cornerstone investors may account for about 40 percent of Agricultural Bank’s Hong Kong sale, according to people with knowledge of the matter. ICBC, the world’s largest lender by market value, set aside 28 percent of the Hong Kong part of its October 2006 IPO for such investors, before exercising a so- called greenshoe option.

Hong Kong, Shanghai

Agricultural Bank is selling 25.4 billion shares in Hong Kong and 22.2 billion shares in Shanghai, according to a draft prospectus. It can expand the offer by 15 percent after excising an over-allotment option, the prospectus says.

Middle East sovereign-wealth funds may invest 25 percent of their new capital in the developing world by 2016 as economic growth there surges, George Pavey, a managing director at the global markets solutions group at Credit Suisse Group AG, said in November. Middle East funds were anchor investors in 2009 in the $3.3 billion initial public offering of Kuala Lumpur-based mobile phone operator Maxis Communications Bhd and the $1.79 billion IPO of property manager CapitaMalls Asia Ltd. of Singapore, which were managed by Credit Suisse, Pavey said then.

Abu Dhabi Investment Authority, one of the worlds’ largest sovereign wealth funds, raised investments in emerging markets where it sees greater growth opportunities, Sheikh Ahmed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, the fund’s late managing director told German daily Handelsblatt in January this year. Emerging market economies are likely to outperform those of developed economies over the medium-to-long term, he said then.

Sovereign Funds

Sovereign wealth fund assets fell 3 percent to $3.8 trillion in 2009 as the funds invested $60 billion last year to buy assets mainly in Europe and North America, according to International Financial Services London. Sovereign wealth holdings funded by commodity exports, primarily oil and gas sales, stood at $2.5 trillion at the end of 2009, while non- commodity funds had $1.3 trillion.

Middle East funds have bought stocks in financial service companies. Abu Dhabi Investment Authority invested $7.5 billion in November 2007 to buy equity units in Citigroup Inc. Kuwait Investment Authority said in 2009 it purchased a $3 billion stake in Citigroup and a $2 billion holding in Merrill Lynch.

6/16/2010

BlackRock buys agri shares to cap volatility

Reuters | 11 June 2010

By Martin de Sa’Pinto

GENEVA – Blackrock prefers to buy shares in companies involved in the agricultural industry to investing directly in grains and other commodities, which are more exposed to price volatility, a fund manager said.

Richard Davis, who oversees two natural resources funds with a total of $200 million in assets, said he takes long-term positions in companies that own land, produce crops, raise livestock or sell agricultural equipment.

“Equities remove some of the intrinsic volatility of investing in commodities,” said Davis, a portfolio manager in the natural resources team at BlackRock, which manages a total of some $3.3 trillion.

“Corn prices have been volatile, but John Deere, who make tractors and agricultural machinery, don’t really care about the shape of the corn curve,” said Davis at the Jetfin Agro 2010 conference in Geneva this week.

While prices of agricultural commodities are volatile, the reaction by the supply-side dampens any major disruptions over the long term, Davis said.

“I don’t think the corn price can ever go to $10 per bushel from around $3.50 today, because as soon as it reaches say $7, farmers will do whatever it takes to increase their production,” he said.

“If we did not see a supply-side response, prices would continue to go higher and higher. Governments won’t allow that to happen, food security is a major issue,” he added.

LIKES GM, POTASH COMPANIES

Natural resource funds also can soften the effects of volatility by buying stocks exposed to various phases of the production cycles, Davis said.

“If the corn price goes up, fertiliser companies do well. If prices pull back, it could be good news for companies that transport and store, while a fall in prices could be good news for companies who process food,” he said.

Two of his favourite themes are fertiliser producers and suppliers of genetically modified (GM) seeds.

“This year the European Union gave the first GM license since the end of the 1990s. Countries are beginning to rethink their policies towards GM,” Davis said.

Two of his top sector picks are U.S.-based Monsanto and Switzerland’s Syngenta, which, he said, have “fantastic intellectual property”.

As for fertilisers, potash is a 65 million tonne market, with Brazil, India and China together accounting for 23 million tons of demand, he said. To get the best yields, these three countries would have to double their potash consumption, he added.

What’s more, potash is a scarce commodity, with only seven countries in the world producing it, he said.

His top pick is Potash Corp, which he said controls the best potash assets in the world.

The two BlackRock funds are investing in companies closely associated with agricultural production but will not go further downstream by investing in, say, restaurants or breweries.

“As close as possible to the farmer; that’s where the best returns are going to be made,” Davis said.